Relief for stuffy noses and itchy eyes

An allergy is a reaction that occurs when our immune system overreacts to something that isn’t usually harmful and causes unpleasant symptoms. There are different types of allergies, including food allergies, allergies to certain medicines, and allergies that affect the nasal passages and eyes. According to the Canadian Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Foundation, about 20% to 25% of the Canadian population has allergic rhinitis (also known as hay fever). Allergies can happen any time of the year, but airborne allergies are most common in the spring and summer when we spend more time outdoors, and there are more allergy triggers floating in the air for us to breathe in.

Rhinitis is an inflammation (swelling) of the lining of the nose. Not all rhinitis is caused by allergies, but someone with allergic rhinitis could be reacting to exposure to allergens (substances that trigger allergy symptoms) such as grass or tree pollen, ragweed, animal dander, dust mites, or mould spores. Common symptoms include an itchy nose and throat, runny or stuffy nose, sneezing, ear blockage, and sometimes watery, red, itchy eyes.

Holistic Approach

The best way to prevent and treat airborne allergies like pollen or mould is to develop a holistic plan that includes both medications and lifestyle modifications. Don’t wait until you have symptoms to start making your plan. Start by having a consultation with your London Drugs pharmacist, who can work with you to create a plan that will help you manage your allergies and enable you to enjoy being outdoors.

Step one of your plan should be to try to identify the substances that trigger your allergy symptoms. If you cannot figure out what is causing your symptoms or if your symptoms are severe, your doctor can refer you to an allergy specialist for testing.

Step two is to determine which treatments would work best for you.  Your pharmacist can help you understand what medications are available, how they work, and how to use them to get the best results.

Allergy Prevention

If your allergy is to pollen, try to limit your time outdoors when pollen counts are highest, usually between 7 a.m. and 1 p.m., and on dry, windy days. When you go inside after being outdoors, shower and change your clothes immediately to wash off the pollen that might be sticking to your skin, your hair, or your clothes. After laundering your clothes, do not hang them on an outdoor line to dry, because this will allow pollen to cling to the fabric.

Clean your home frequently and do not leave windows and doors open, as this allows pollen and other allergens to enter your home, where they can collect on carpets and furniture, exposing you to them for longer periods. Use an air conditioner and be sure to change the filter regularly and maintain it properly.

If you are allergic to indoor moulds or mildew, regularly clean surfaces where moisture collects, such as window frames, bathrooms, and bedroom corners, and keep your home’s humidity below 50%. A dehumidifier can help control moisture, limit mould and mildew growth, and reduce allergy symptoms.

Symptom Treatment

Sometimes, preventative measures are not enough to eliminate allergy symptoms. Fortunately, there are a number of medications that treat allergies in different ways. Your healthcare team can recommend products that would be best for you, but the chart below can serve as a general guide on what is available.

Allergy Medications – Which Categories Are They and How Do They Work

Antihistamines – Antihistamines block certain cells in the body from receiving histamine, a chemical released by the immune system that causes the symptoms of an allergic reaction.

Corticosteroids – Corticosteroid sprays, also called glucocorticoid or steroid sprays, reduce inflammation in the nasal passages to ease allergy symptoms.  When used regularly, they relieve nasal congestion and sneezing.

Leukotriene modifiers (tablets, granules) – Leukotriene modifier medications work by blocking leukotrienes – chemicals in the body that contribute to inflammation, airway narrowing, and mucus production.

Immunotherapy (tablets, injections) – Immunotherapy sublingual tablets (placed under the tongue) and allergy shots help train the immune system to become less reactive to allergens. Each dose contains a tiny amount of an allergen or mix of allergens — enough to train the immune system to recognize it, but not enough to trigger symptoms. As the dose gradually increases, the immune system becomes less reactive, and allergy symptoms improve over time.

Other ways you can help ease your discomfort from allergies include:

• Saline nasal rinses – Using salt-water nasal spray or sinus rinse (such as a neti pot, rinse bottle, or nasal irrigation device) can help clear congestion and wash allergens out of your nasal passages.
• Artificial tears or eye wash solutions – These can soothe dry, irritated eyes and help rinse out allergens.
• Cool compress for the eyes – A clean, damp, cool washcloth placed over your eyes can reduce inflammation and itching.
• Warm compress for the eyelids – A clean, damp, warm washcloth can help remove pollen from the eyelids and help soothe irritation.

Tip: Limiting the use of non-prescription eye drops for redness-relief is important. These products are meant for cosmetic use only, and some can cause rebound redness, where the eyes look even redder once you stop using them. Speak to a pharmacist for safer, long-term options to treat the underlying cause of your redness.

If you have any questions about seasonal allergies, allergic rhinitis, or allergic conjunctivitis (red eyes), your London Drugs pharmacists have the knowledge and experience to answer your questions and help you relieve the unpleasant symptoms. Many pharmacists can also prescribe medications to treat allergy symptoms. Ask at the pharmacy counter or visit londondrugs.com/prescribing for more information.