What’s behind the exotic name?
Chikungunya is a virus that can be found in many regions of the world, including Asia, Africa, and the Americas. While we are quite safe from this virus in Canada, people who are travelling to other countries should be aware of this disease. Like Malaria and West Nile virus, it is usually spread to humans through mosquito bites. The name “Chikungunya” means “to become contorted” in a Tanzanian language, where it was first identified in 1952.
Chikungunya often occurs in warm and rainy regions, as these provide good conditions for the type of mosquitoes that spread the disease. These mosquitoes typically bite during the day and near water sources. Chikungunya first appeared in the Caribbean in late 2013. By the end of 2017, there had been more than 2.9 million cases. During outbreaks, the virus can spread very quickly, affecting up to 75% of the local population. Many countries have also experienced outbreaks in the past five years, including popular destinations such as Mexico, Thailand, The Maldives, and Nigeria.
People who are sick from the Chikungunya virus do not usually die from the disease, but it can often leave some long-term issues. Up to 30% of infected people show no symptoms, but those who do often experience high fever and severe joint pain in the hands and feet. Rash and eye problems can also occur. Babies, older adults, and people with certain medical conditions may be at higher risk for developing severe disease. Although most people recover in seven to ten days, joint pain and tiredness can last for years. People suffering from long-term effects of Chikungunya infections are often unable to stand upright without difficulty and pain, frequently adopting a “contorted” posture that gives rise to the disease’s name.
There is no treatment for the Chikungunya virus aside from rest, fluids, and pain relievers; therefore, prevention is the best approach. Proper use of mosquito protection measures—such as mosquito repellant sprays, long-sleeved clothing, and mosquito nets—is important to provide protection against Chikungunya. These measures can also prevent other mosquito-borne diseases such as Malaria, Dengue Fever, and Zika virus. Recently, a new Chikungunya vaccine that provides excellent protection against the virus has been approved in Canada for people who are at risk of exposure to the disease. It will be available in late 2024.
If you’re planning a trip, talk to a physician or schedule an appointment with a healthcare provider who specializes in travel medicine. It is best to schedule an appointment at least four to six weeks before your travel, because some vaccines require multiple doses for full protection. Travellers with shorter timelines should also seek advice. All of our Travel Clinic pharmacists are certified by the International Society of Travel Medicine (ISTM). They can provide you with comprehensive travel advice, plus vaccines and medicines to help keep you safe on your trip. Visit ldtravelclinics.ca for more information about our London Drugs Travel Clinics and for a list of locations.
