Cancer impacts most Canadians’ lives, whether that be from a personal diagnosis or with supporting a friend or family member affected by the disease. The Canadian Cancer Society estimates that about 2 in 5 Canadians will develop cancer in their lifetime, and about 1 in 4 Canadians will die from the disease. Some of the most common types of cancer in Canada include non-melanoma skin cancer, lung, breast, prostate and colorectal cancer. Cancer is a disease that in general results from changes in the growth cycle and differentiation of cells, and it can affect multiple organs and body systems. The disease is complicated and researchers have not identified all causes yet. We know some risk factors are beyond our control, like gender or hereditary factors. But there are some positive lifestyle measures that can be implemented to reduce your risk for cancer and other health concerns.

The 4 most common cancers in Canada:

1. Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer is the most common cancer in Canada. Regular skin self-screening, such as assessing moles and spots, and protective measures, such as wearing sun screen, can help reduce your risk of skin cancer. The main risk factors for skin cancer include exposure to UV radiation, light coloured skin, eyes and hair, a personal history of skin cancer, radiation exposure, and chemical exposure.
2. Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer associated death and is the most commonly diagnosed in people over the age of 50. Some risk factors for lung cancer can be preventable and it is important to be aware of these risks. The main risk factors for lung cancer include smoking tobacco, radon exposure, asbestos exposure, physical inactivity, a diet low in vegetables and fruits, increased age, and a family history of lung cancer.
3. Breast Cancer: It is estimated that 1 in 8 women will develop breast cancer in their lifetime. It is important for patients to understand their risk factors for developing breast cancer and screening recommendations. The main risk factors for breast cancer include a personal or family history of breast cancer, gene mutations, an earlier age of menstruation onset, a later onset of menopause, exposure to radiation therapy, alcohol consumption, obesity, and physical inactivity.
4. Prostate Cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in men. Most cases occur in people older than 50 years of age. The main risk factors for prostate cancer includes an older age, African American and Caribbean ethnicity, family history of prostate cancer, certain gene changes and chemical exposure.

Colorectal Cancer

Most cases of colorectal cancer are diagnosed in people between the ages of 50 and 74 years old. Knowing your risks for colorectal cancer can help you make screening decisions and inform lifestyle changes to reduce this risk. The main risk factors for colorectal cancer include family or personal history of colorectal cancer, physical inactivity, obesity, alcohol use, smoking, a diet high in red meat and processed meats, a diet low in fiber, and sedentary behaviour.

Actions you can take to reduce your risk factors:

Risk factors for cancer can be modifiable or non-modifiable. Modifiable risk factors are behaviours or items that someone can change to alter their risk of developing cancer. Non-modifiable risk factors are items that someone cannot change to alter their risk of developing cancer such as family history, age and sex assigned at birth. We cannot change our non-modifiable risk factors but understanding ways to manage modifiable risk factors can help you reduce your personal risk of developing certain cancers. Here are some actions you can take to reduce your risk;

In addition to making positive lifestyle changes, following recommended screening protocols, such as mammograms, can help you detect certain cancers early on leading to better outcomes. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist about ways you can reduce your risk factors for cancer and whether screening is recommended for you.

Sources:

• Canadian Cancer Society
• BC cancer agency
• Health Canada- “physical activity tips for adults (18-64 years)”
• Public Health Agency of Canada – Prevent Skin Cancer: Stay Safe in the Sun
• Colorectal Cancer Canada – What is colorectal cancer?
• VGH & UBC Hospital – Prostate cancer
• American Cancer Society – Prostate Cancer Risk Factors

Heart disease is the second leading cause of death in Canada and is a leading cause of hospitalization. In fact, about 1 in every 12 (or 2.6 million) Canadians aged 20 years and over live with diagnosed heart disease. However, early detection and management of conditions such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and diabetes can help reduce your risk of developing heart disease.

Types of heart disease

There are many different types of heart disease, and they can be grouped into categories depending on how they affect the structure or function of the heart. For example:

• Cardiomyopathy is a disease of the heart muscle that makes the heart weaker and unable to pump blood through the body properly or maintain a normal rhythm. It can cause a variety of symptoms including chest pain, shortness of breath, fainting, and swelling of the legs or ankles. As the condition worsens, it can lead to other problems such as irregular heartbeat, heart failure, stroke, cardiac arrest (the sudden loss of heart function), and heart valve disease.
• Congenital heart disease refers to a heart condition that is present from birth. These heart defects can range from mild (a small hole in the heart) to severe (such as parts of the heart being poorly formed or even completely missing). These defects can affect how blood flows through the heart and into the rest of the body. The symptoms someone experiences will depend on the specific type of heart defect that person has.
• Heart failure happens when the heart doesn’t pump blood as well as it should. As a result, the rest of the body doesn’t get enough blood. This can lead to a wide range of symptoms including fatigue, weakness, irregular heartbeat, wheezing, swelling in the belly area or in the legs and feet, rapid weight gain due to fluid buildup, chest pain, and trouble concentrating or decreased alertness. Complications of heart failure may include blood clots that can lead to a stroke, breathing difficulties, impaired liver or kidney function, and loss of muscle tissue.
• Ischemic heart disease, also known as coronary artery disease, is the most common form of heart disease. It is due to an inadequate blood supply to the heart resulting from a blockage of the vessels that supply blood to the heart. Some people experience no symptoms, but when symptoms do occur, they may include fatigue, a fast heartbeat, shortness of breath, nausea and vomiting, sweating, and pain in the neck, jaw, shoulder, or arm. This condition can lead to serious complications including irregular heart rhythm, heart failure, and heart attack.
• Peripheral vascular disease, which affects blood vessels that are not located near the heart, primarily involves the vessels in the legs. Only about half of the people who have peripheral vascular disease experience symptoms. The most common symptom is leg cramping that occurs during exercise. Some of the other symptoms it can cause include changes in the skin on the legs and feet, thickened toenails, weak pulses in the legs and feet, hair loss on the legs, and wounds that don’t heal over pressure points such as heels and ankles. This condition can lead to serious consequences such as nonhealing ulcers, deep vein thrombosis, erectile dysfunction, or even stroke.
• Rheumatic heart disease, which can begin with rheumatic fever in childhood, affects heart valves, although sometimes not until 10 to 20 years after the initial illness. The symptoms a person has depend on the amount of valve damage and may include chest pain, swelling, and shortness of breath. Rheumatic fever may also develop if a person has strep throat or scarlet fever and the infection is not treated properly or after strep skin infections (impetigo). Because rheumatic fever is an immune response, not an infection, you cannot catch it from someone else who has rheumatic fever, but people with certain strep infections can spread the bacteria to others. Some of the complications of rheumatic heart disease include bacterial endocarditis (an infection of the lining of the heart), a ruptured heart valve, heart failure, and difficulties with pregnancy or delivery due to heart damage.

Who gets heart disease?

Heart disease can occur at any age but typically men are newly diagnosed between the ages of 55 to 64, while women are diagnosed between 65 to 75 years of age—ten years later than men. Men are also twice as likely to suffer a heart attack as women. According to data from the 2017-2018 Canadian Chronic Disease Surveillance System, each hour about 14 Canadian adults aged 20 and older with diagnosed heart disease die.

Fortunately, there are steps that can be taken to help prevent heart disease. Although there is nothing we can do about having a family history of heart disease or getting older, there are several factors that increase our risk of developing heart disease that we can work on modifying. We can reduce our risk by making healthy lifestyle choices that include:

• Achieving and maintaining a healthy weight
• Avoiding smoking
• Being physically active
• Eating a healthy diet
• Managing stress in a healthy way

Early detection and management of conditions that can lead to heart disease are also extremely important in helping to preserve the health of your heart.

Testing for heart disease

There are several different tests doctors perform to monitor heart health and detect heart conditions. These tests fall into a variety of categories including blood pressure monitoring, blood tests, electrocardiograms, echocardiograms, and coronary angiograms. A doctor will determine which tests each patient should have based on current health status and any symptoms that may be present. Ask your doctor how often you should have your heart health screened and if any of these tests would be right for you. Remember, many forms of heart disease do not have symptoms that you can feel.

Your London Drugs pharmacy is also an important resource in maintaining your heart health. Your pharmacist can review your medications and supplements, suggest health screening tests, and work with you and your healthcare team to optimize your treatment and prevention plan.  Complimentary self-serve blood pressure kiosks are available at all London Drugs pharmacy locations, or our pharmacy team can help you select an at home blood pressure monitor to suit your needs.  We carry a variety of monitors with the latest features, such as atrial fibrillation detection and wireless capabilities.  Our selection of Connected Health devices allow you to store results in an app to make sharing with a caregiver or healthcare team easy and convenient.  Ask your London Drugs pharmacist today how we can help you to safeguard your heart health.

Three things are certain each fall: cooler temperatures, pumpkin spice everything –– and an uptick in coughs and runny noses. With the kids back to school, people being indoors more often, and in close proximity to each other, viruses like respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are on the rise.

RSV is a common, highly contagious virus that can appear like a common cold. Symptoms often start two to eight days after you come into contact with the virus and can include coughing, wheezing, sneezing, and a fever. Luckily, for most people, RSV infections tend to be mild and clear up on their own in one to two weeks. If you or your child have symptoms of RSV, speak with your local London Drugs pharmacist about things you can do at home to keep you comfortable while you recover. They may recommend over-the-counter fever reducers, pain relievers and nasal saline drops, for example. Although it may be difficult to differentiate your symptoms from a common cold, influenza or COVID-19, your London Drugs pharmacist can answer any questions you may have about your symptoms, and let you know if you should see your doctor.

Some people, like older adults, young babies and immunocompromised individuals are at a higher risk of developing more serious illness from RSV. According to one analysis, RSV caused some 470,000 hospitalizations and 33,000 deaths in people aged 60 and older in high-income countries, including Canada, in 2019. You can reduce the odds of spreading the virus to those who are more vulnerable by limiting close contact with other people while you are feeling unwell.

In past, we may not have paid RSV much attention, in part because there has been no routine testing for older adults. But that’s starting to change, in part due to the “tripledemic” that overwhelmed our doctors’ offices and hospitals last winter, when the flu, COVID-19 and RSV made so many people ill. The good news is that in addition to increasing awareness about this virus, we now have an important new tool available to help prevent severe infections.

Health Canada has approved the first vaccine for RSV for people ages 60 years and older. During clinical trials, it was found to be over 82% effective at preventing lower respiratory tract disease caused by RSV in older adults, and over 94% effective in those with underlying medical conditions. RSV infections tend to spread to the lower respiratory tract, and make it difficult to breathe, especially for older adults. It’s expected that this new vaccine will reduce hospitalizations and more serious outcomes for older people who fall ill with RSV in the coming months with effects that may last beyond the season.   Other RSV vaccines are awaiting approval by Health Canada and will be available soon.

If you are 60 or older, give yourself the best chance at staying well this season by talking to your London Drugs pharmacist about getting vaccinated against RSV.